The endoplasmic reticulum and the unfolded protein response

The unfolded protein response coordinates the production of endoplasmic reticulum protein and endoplasmic reticulum membrane.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional organelle responsible for production of both lumenal and membrane components of secretory pathway compartments. Secretory proteins are folded, processed, and sorted in the ER lumen and lipid synthesis occurs on the ER membrane itself. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, synthesis of ER components is highly regulated: the ER-resident protein...

The endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response and neurodegeneration

Proteostasis in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum is defended by signalling pathways that match the load of unfolded proteins to the complement of chaperones in the organelle. This balancing act is attained via a transcriptional program that activates genes encoding chaperones and other proteins that function in the secretory pathway and a translational program that transiently attenuates ...

Signaling the unfolded protein response from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress: signaling the unfolded protein response.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the cellular site of newly synthesized secretory and membrane proteins. Such proteins must be properly folded and posttranslationally modified before exit from the organelle. Proper protein folding and modification requires molecular chaperone proteins as well as an ER environment conducive for these reactions. When ER lumenal conditions are altered or chaperon...

Endoplasmic reticulum stress sensing in the unfolded protein response.

Secretory and transmembrane proteins enter the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as unfolded proteins and exit as either folded proteins in transit to their target organelles or as misfolded proteins targeted for degradation. The unfolded protein response (UPR) maintains the protein-folding homeostasis within the ER, ensuring that the protein-folding capacity of the ER meets the load of client protein...